Volume 29, Issue 5, 2020
DOI: 10.24205/03276716.2020.1173
Factors affecting subjective sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnancy in urban areas of Turkey and Iraq
Abstract
Background and objectives: Significant changes in hormonal levels result in certain physical and mental changes that can lead to sleep disorders in pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the relative contribution and interrelationship among physiological and psychological factors in the third trimester of pregnancy, and to compare the study results between Turkish and Iraqi women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 582 pregnant women were recruited (convenient sampling) in the third trimester of their pregnancy, of those 296 were Turk participants, and 286 were Iraqi participants. Data were collected by using multiple tools, including a questionnaire, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Whooley questions, State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), Restless Legs Syndrome assessment scale(s), and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q).
Results: The highest percentage of the study sample (66.4%, 65.5%) in both Iraqi and Turkish group had poor quality of sleep, respectively, and there where not significant difference between them. There was highly significant difference between two groups regarding having anxiety, depression, restlessness leg syndrome and GERD. Binary logistic regression analysis of the data indicates that those who had depression (OR=2.096), anxiety (state) (OR=2.202), are in late gestational age (OR=12.273), with read and write and basic school educational level (OR= 3.494 and 3.958), and snoring (OR= 1.984) had poor quality of sleep.
Conclusion: gestational age, state anxiety, perinatal depression, and disturbing gastroesophageal reflux are associated with poor sleep quality. Moreover, this study determind that factors associated with sleep quality might differ depending on the country where pregnant women live.
Keywords
Pregnancy, sleep quality, Associated factors, Iraq, Turkey